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非谓语动词知识点总结_非谓语动词知识点总结思维导图
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简介非谓语动词知识点总结_非谓语动词知识点总结思维导图 很高兴有机会和大家一起谈论非谓语动词知识点总结的话题。这个问题集合包含了一些常见和深入的问题,我将详细回答
很高兴有机会和大家一起谈论非谓语动词知识点总结的话题。这个问题集合包含了一些常见和深入的问题,我将详细回答每一个问题,并分享我的见解和观点。
1.高考单选题,如何判断非谓语作状语这个考点
2.动词不定式的用法总结
3.英语高考非谓语动词的考点
4.非谓语动词
5.高中英语非谓语知识点有什么?
6.初中英语语法知识点总结有哪些?
高考单选题,如何判断非谓语作状语这个考点
判断非谓语作状语这个考点方法:
1.非谓语动词就是不能在句子中做谓语。英语的非谓语动词有:动词不定式(to do)、现在分词(doing)、过去分词 (done)、动名词(doing)。
2.句子的成分一般由主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语,状语等构成。谓语一般要有动词担任,非谓语动词是不能独立担任谓语的。 但可以担任句子的其他成分,在这里老师给你简要叙述如下:
(1).动词不定式可担任主语,宾语,表语,宾补,定语,状语等。
(2.)动名词可担任主语,表语,宾语,定语等。
(3).现在分词和过去分词可担任定语,表语,宾补,状语等。
例如: He came here to ask for his bike.他来这里要他的自行车。
分析句子成分: he(代词)做 主语, came(动词)做 谓语, here(副词)做状语,to ask for hisbike(动词不等式短语)做目的状语。
动词不定式的用法总结
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英语高考非谓语动词的考点
动词不定式(to do)是英语课的一个重点,也是很多考试中要考查的一个项目。你知道动词不定式的用法有哪些吗?接下来,我给大家准备了动词不定式的用法 总结 ,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
▼▼目录▼▼
动词不定式的用法总结
名词的所有格形式
英语动词不定式短语
●? 动词不定式的用法总结
动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式,很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起,掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳,帮助同学们记忆:
一、动词不定式在 句子 中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。
二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。
三、动词不定式 短语 具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。
1、主语:常置于句末,而用it代替其做形式主语。例:
To go in for sports helps you
stay fit.(book4,L28)
It helps you stay fit to go in for sports. It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own.
注:此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出,逻辑主语由of引出时,表语的形容词为kind,nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,right,wrong等表示评价的形容词。
例:It's right of him to refuse the invitation1.(him为逻辑主语)
2、表语:Our duty is to protect the enviroment.
3、动词宾语:此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。
例:would you like to see my photos?
Kevin planned to visit his uncle.(book4,L11)
和plan用法一样的词还有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide等。
I found it very difficult to get a job.(it为形式宾语)
4、宾语补足语:
(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to。
例:I asked a friend to read it to me.(book4,L2)
(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,make,let,have,help等)后不带to。
例:They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.
5、定语:动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。
例:Vinny is the first disabled2 person to sail3 around the world.(book4,L1)
6、形容词补足语:在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明。
例:Weareverygladtomeetyouagain.
7、状语:表示目的、原因、程度等。
例:They brought in photos of their families for me to look at.(book4,L2)
8、“疑问词+不定式”用法:不定式前可带what,who,which,where,when,how等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语。
例:He didn't tell me where to go.
9、在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(tobe+过去分词)”。
例:There are twenty more trees to be planted.
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●? 扩展: 名词的所有格形式
A. 's用在单数名词以及不以s结尾的复数名词之后:
a man's job 男人的活儿
the people's choice 人民的选择
men's work 男人的工作
the crew's quarters 船员的舱房
a woman's intuition 女子的直觉
the horse's mouth 马嘴
the butcher's(shop) 肉店
the bull's horns 公牛角
the child's voice 孩子的声音
women's clothes 妇女的服装
the children's room 孩子们的房间
Russia's exports 俄国的出口
B .省字撇(')用于以s结尾的复数名词之后:
a girls' school 一所女子学校
the students' hostel1 学生招待所
the eagles' nest 鹰巢
the Smiths' car 史密斯家的小汽车
C. 以s结尾的古希腊或罗马的姓名之后通常也只加省字撇('):
Pythagoras' Theorem 毕达哥拉斯定理
Archimedes' Law 阿基米德原理
Sophocles' plays 索福克勒斯的戏剧
D. 以s结尾的其他姓氏之后可以用's或单独使用省字撇('):
Mr Jones's/Mr Jones' house琼斯先生的房子
Yeats's/Yeats'poems叶芝的诗
E. 复合名词是在最后一个词之后加's以构成其所有格形式:
my brother-in-law's guitar我姐 /妹夫的吉他
由几个词组成的名字可同样处理:
Henry the Eighth's wives亨利八世的妻子们
the Prince of Wales's helicopter威尔士王储的直升机
's也可用在首字母缩写词之后:
the PM's(Prime Minister's) secretary首相的秘书
the MP's(Member of Parliament's) briefcase议员的公事包
the VIP's(Very Important Person's) escort要人的护送(摩托)队
注意:使用所有格形式时,“被拥有的”人或物之前的定冠词就不用了:
the daughter of the politician=the politician's daughter这位政治家的女儿
the intervention of America=America's intervention美国的干预
the plays of Shakespeare=Shakespeare's plays莎士比亚的戏剧
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●? 英语动词不定式短语
1.It's time to do sth./It's time for sth 该做某事的时候了
eg:Now it's time to sing alone. 现在是独自唱下去的时候了。
2.can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待要做某事
eg:We can't wait to have a try. 我们等不及想要常试一下了。
3.Ask/tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求/告诉某人(不)做某事
eg:Did I not tell you to help robbery/homicide? 难道我没有告诉你要去协助调查抢劫谋杀案么?
4.Allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
eg:As long as I am alive, I'll not allow you to do that.
只要我活着就不允许你做那件事。
5.Be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
eg:I did everything right, everything I was supposed to do.
我做的一切都是正确的,我做了一切我该做的事。
6.Would like/want (sb.) to do sth. 想要做某事
eg:I would like some coffee. 我想要一点儿咖啡。
7.Have sth/nothing to do 与……有关/与……无关
eg:This thing has nothing to do with you. 这事和你一点关系也没有。
8.find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉做某事……
eg:I find it difficult to live with him. 我发现跟他生活在一起是很困难的。
9.Prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事,而不愿做某事
eg:I prefer to do hard work rather than do nothing at home.
我宁愿干重活而不愿在家无所事事。
10.It's +adj. for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说……
eg:It's difficult for women to get jobs in high position.
对妇女来说得到一个高职位的工作是很难的。
11.It's better/best to do sth. 最好做某事
eg:Generally, it's better to apply filler materials in thin layers.
一般来说,最好适用于薄层填充材料。
12.It takes sb/sth. to do sth. 某人做某事用了一些时间
eg:It takes some time to cultivate a new friendship. 建立一段新的友谊需要一段时间。
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动词不定式的用法总结相关 文章 :
★ 不定式作宾语用法总结
★ 初中英语不定式知识点归纳
★ 不定式作状语的用法总结
★ 动词不定式是如何否定的
★ 不定式的特殊句型too…to…的用法
★ 英语动词知识讲解:6类动词的用法
★ 非谓语动词用法总结
★ 英语语法知识点总结
★ 英语基础语法知识点总结:动词的时态
★ 英语动词的语法归纳
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2011年高考英语第二轮热点专题复习——非谓语动词
规律方法
1.考查立意较低,主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法。但是,题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化,加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。
2.设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势,不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。
命题趋势
不容置疑,高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查,试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势,但试题的难度将会有所控制。
突破方法
1.非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性、综合性很强的语言点,切不可记住几个条条框框就去乱套。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识:
① 具有句子结构的知识,要分得清简单句与复合句,陈述句与祈使句。
② 具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识,要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。
③ 具有扎实而丰富的动词知识,要分得清及物动词和不及物动词,双宾动词和复宾动词。一些最基础最常用的动词的用法应当烂熟于胸。
④ 具备各种复合句的知识,能够拆析30词左右长度的复合长、难句。
2.理解分析非谓语动词的句法功能,重点掌握不定式、动名词作宾语的区别;不定式、分词作补语的区别;不定式、分词作状语的区别;独立主格的用法;不定式、分词作定语的区别。
3.解答考查非谓语动词的题目时,一定要保持头脑冷静。一般要遵循以下解题思路:
① 解析句子结构,确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);
② 找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);
③ 搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式;
④ 将该选项置入空中,看是否能够做到字从意顺,或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。
知识清单
清单一 非谓语动词的句法功能
名称 主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
现在分词 √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
清单二 分词、不定式作宾补用法要点
一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别
1.感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式,即原形动词(不带to 的不定式)、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行,过去分词表被动或完成,动词原形表主动和完成。如:
I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
I heard her singing and English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。
I heard the English song sung many times.
我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。
注意:不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如:
I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态)
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)
2.leave 后接三种形式作宾补时,其中的leave 保留了原来之义“留下”,但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态)。
leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
(宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系,表示动作正在进行。)
leave sth. undone 留下某事未做
(宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系,表示被动和完成,一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多)
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做
(不定式表示将来的动作。)
如:It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.
你让机器一直开着是不对的。(主动,正在进行)
The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.
客人们没有动大部分菜,因为它们尝起来不可口。(被动,完成)
He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.
他走了,留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。(主动,将来)
We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.
我们匆匆忙忙导结束了会议,留下了很多问题等待解决。(被动,将来)
3.have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时,其中heave, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。
① have sth. done = get sth. done “使/让某事由别人去做”(叫/让某人做某事)。如
I’ll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.
此外,have sth. done 还表示“使遭受……”之意。如
Tom had his leg broken while playing football.
Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.
② have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事(现在分词表示主动,正在进行)
get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来
如:The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.
农忙时,农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。
注意:“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中,其中have 有“容忍”之意。如:
I won’t have you speaking to your parents like that.
我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。
Don’t have the water running all the time.
不要让水流个不停。
③ have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事
如:Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me.
二、下列动词后跟带to 的不定式作补语:
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, think, wait for, call on, depend on 等。如:
① An army spokesman stressed that all thd soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots.
② The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.
③ The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门
下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语,但在被动语态中要加上to:
它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看(look at, see, watch, notice, observe);3使(make, let, have);2听(listen to, hear);1感觉(fell)。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语(5+3+2+1-2+4):即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语,此外find, catch, keep, lave 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。如:
At that time, I found him crying in the street.
He was caught stealing.
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.
清单三 不定式、分词作定语用法要点
一、不定式作定语
1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。如:
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
There is nothing to worry about.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
Here is some paper for you to write on.
但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如:
He had no money and no place to live (in).
We found a way to solve this problem (in).
2.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。试比较:
Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗?
(不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”)
Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?
(不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
3.用不定式作定语的几种情况:
不定式表将来:
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如:
He was the best man to do the job.
She was the first woman to sin the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats.
用来修饰的词是抽象名词时,常见的有:ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如:
Do you have the ability to read and write English ?
I have to chance to go sight –seeing.
二、分词作定语
1.作定语的及物动词分词形式为:V –ing; being + 过去分词;过去分刻画 。当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时,用V –ing;当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being + 过去分词;当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词。例如:
The houses being built are for the teachers.
The broken glass is Tom’s.
I have never seen a more moving movie.
2.作定语的不及物动词分词形式为:V –ing 和过去分词。V –ing 表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成。如:
falling leaves 正落的叶子 fallen leaves 落下的叶子
boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 沸腾过的水(白开水)
三、不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别
这三种形式作定语,主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,或是没有一定的时间性。如:
Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?
He is man loved and respected by all.
Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge.
现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如:
Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with the students.
不定式的被动式作定语时,表示一个未来的动作。如:
The question to be discussed at the tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.
高中英语非谓语知识点有什么?
知识点及例题解析:(1) 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如:?
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists?
The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A ?have written ?B ?to be written C ?being written D ?written 答案:D ?
What’s the language ______ in Germany?
A ?speaking ?B ?spoken C ?be spoken D ?to speak 答案:B?
Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A ?are bought B ?bought C ?been bought ? D ?buying. 答案:B?
When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A ?read B ?reads ? C ?to read ? D ?reading 答案:D?
解析:reading 与 pinned to the door 一样作message 的后置定语,相当于which read, pinned 和 reading的逻辑主语都是 message,它与pin是被动关系,用—ed 形式,与 read 是主动关系,用—ing 形式
(2) 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如:?
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists?
The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A ?have written ?B ?to be written C ?being written D ?written 答案:D ?
What’s the language ______ in Germany?
A ?speaking ?B ?spoken C ?be spoken D ?to speak 答案:B?
Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A ?are bought B ?bought C ?been bought ? D ?buying. 答案:B?
When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A ?read B ?reads ? C ?to read ? D ?reading 答案:D?
解析:reading 与 pinned to the door 一样作message 的后置定语,相当于which read, pinned 和 reading的逻辑主语都是 message,它与pin是被动关系,用—ed 形式,与 read 是主动关系,用—ing 形式
(3) 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如:?
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists?
The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A ?have written ?B ?to be written C ?being written D ?written 答案:D ?
例1、The discovery of new evidence led to _________.?
A. the thief having caught ? B. catch the thief ?C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 答案为C。?
解析 ?lead to这个词组中to是介词,后面跟名词,于是B被排除,the thief是动名词逻辑上的
的主语,构成动名词的复合结构,与catch之间应是被动关系,故排除A。常见的带介词to的短语有:(get) be used to, look forward to,look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。?
例2、Though _______money, his parents managed to send him to university.?
A. lacked B. lacking of ?C. lacking ? D. lacked in 答案为C。 ?
解析 ?lack是及物动词,后接宾语money。his parents与lack是逻辑上的主谓关系,要用现在分词作状语。译文:虽然缺钱,他的父母亲还是设法让他上了大学。 ?
例3、He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity
A. to lose ? B. losing C. to be lost ? D. being lost?
答案:B?
解析 ?risk后面只能带动名词做宾语,含义为“冒?之险”。?
例4、 _____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.?
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed ?D. After being exposed 答案为C。?
解析 ?在非谓语动词中,用动名词或不定式来作主语,而分词和介词短语不能作主语,因此A、D被排除。在这个句子中,will do是谓语,缺少主语,要用动名词作主语。expose与one's skin是动宾关系,所以要用动名词的被动式being exposed。译文:在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有坏处。?
例5、____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put ?
B. Putting ?
C. Having put ?
D. Being put?
答案:A ?
解析 ?put sth. into use “让?投入使用”。显然,put 和句子主语the hotline 构成被动关系,所以用表示被动的过去分词。?
例6、It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars. A. had ? B. having C. to have ?
D. have?
答案:C?
解析 ?动词不定式充当目的状语。?
例7、With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.?
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 答案为C ?
解析动词不定式to settle作为difficult problems的定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题;过去分词settle作定语表示已经解决的难题,现在分词的被动式being settled作定语表示正在解决的难题。?
例8、More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ____ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A. taking ? B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken 答案:A?
解析 ?take advantage of (利用)和句子主语More and more people 构成主动关系,且和句子谓语sign up for ?(报名参加)同时发生,所以选择A。 ?
例9、 Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.?
A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit 答案为A。?
解析 ?该句中的but是介词,后接动词不定式。当谓语动词是do,does或did时,后接不带to的不定式;是其他动词时,后接带to的不定式。该句的谓语是could do nothing,要填动词原形admit。译文:山德不得不向老师承认自己错了。
主语,构成动名词的复合结构,与catch之间应是被动关系,故排除A。常见的带介词to的短语有:(get) be used to, look forward to,look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。?
例2、Though _______money, his parents managed to send him to university.?
A. lacked B. lacking of ?C. lacking ? D. lacked in 答案为C。 ?
解析 ?lack是及物动词,后接宾语money。his parents与lack是逻辑上的主谓关系,要用现在分词作状语。译文:虽然缺钱,他的父母亲还是设法让他上了大学。 ?
例3、He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity.
What’s the language ______ in Germany?
A ?speaking ?B ?spoken C ?be spoken D ?to speak 答案:B?
Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A ?are bought B ?bought C ?been bought ? D ?buying. 答案:B?
When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A ?read B ?reads ? C ?to read ? D ?reading 答案:D?
解析:reading 与 pinned to the door 一样作message 的后置定语,相当于which read, pinned 和 reading的逻辑主语都是 message,它与pin是被动关系,用—ed 形式,与 read 是主动关系,用—ing 形式
初中英语语法知识点总结有哪些?
非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式,叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的其他特点,可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
高中英语学习注意事项
英语成绩的提高不是简单背背单词就能了事的,阅读和作文才是重头戏,所以要想英语提分,必须搞定阅读。英语阅读做题也是有技巧可言的,这个高三网备考频道英语栏目有很多相关文章可看,这里不详细介绍。
英语阅读是在原文中找答案,大致读懂文章讲什么内容,能翻译出文章大意。英语作文则需要平时多背课文、优秀语段积累素材,平时多练习写作,写一套适合自己的英语作文模板,以备考场用。
一、谓语动词和非谓语动词从是否能充当句子中的谓语来看,动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词两大类。
1、谓语动词
有人称和数的变化。如:He?is?a tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。
2、非谓语动词?
非谓语动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,在句子里都不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化。如:I am pleased?to meet you.我很高兴与你相识。(动词不定式)
二、实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词
从其含义来分,动词有实义动词(notional verb),连系动词(link verb),情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。
1、实义动词?
实义动词有完全的词义,并能独立作谓语动词。
如:The sun?shone?brightly this morning.
今天早晨阳光灿烂。
2、连系动词?
连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看来),keep(保持),become(变成),get(变得),grow(变得),feel(感到),turn(变得,变成),appear(显得),remain(仍旧是)等。
如:It?is?never too late to mend.
改过不嫌晚。
3、情态动词?
情态动词有can (能),may (可以,也许),must(必须)等,表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。
4、助动词?
助动词有shall,will,have,be,should,wonld, do等。它们只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式,以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。
三、及物动词和不及物动词
从是否能直接跟宾语来分,实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。
1、及物动词?
后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。
如:I?believe?that the committee will?consider?our suggestion.
我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
2、不及物动词?
本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。
如:It?happened?in June 1932.
这件事发生于一九三;年六月。
3、兼作及物动词和不及物动词?
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:
a) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)
b) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。
如:Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
四、情态动词
在行为动词、连系动词以外,还有两类动词,其中之一就是情态动词。从字面上看,我们就知道这是表示“感情与态度”的动词。
比如:I?can?do it without much difficulty. (能够,表示自信)
事实上,情态动词的英文说法modal verb,还是值得推敲的。modal,来自于名词mode,和modality(模式,方式)紧密相关,包括likelihood可能性, ability 能力, permission 许可与obligation责任这四种模式。
情态动词自身所具备的意义一般来说也是不完整的,不过和需要涉及其他事物的及物动词不同,情态动词不涉及其他事物,需要的是其他动词,即行为动词和连系动词,来配合使用。
一般来说情态动词是不能用作行为动词的,但也有例外,比如need,既可以用作情态动词,也可以是行为动词,看它的后面跟的是什么。
五、助动词
还有一类动词,也是意义上不完整、需要配合行为动词、连系动词使用的,那就是助动词。顾名思义,助动词就是用来帮助主要动词构成谓语的。
主要包括进行时态的be(is / am / are / was / were)、一般时态的do / does / did,将来时态的will / shall / would / should和完成时态的have / has / had。这种动词的英文名称叫auxiliary verb,简写是v. aux.。
好了,今天关于“非谓语动词知识点总结”的话题就讲到这里了。希望大家能够通过我的介绍对“非谓语动词知识点总结”有更全面、深入的认识,并且能够在今后的实践中更好地运用所学知识。